The portfolios of addresses, institutions and individuals where Bitcoin changed hands as of 2026 revealed a striking picture. According to a current report by Arkham Intelligence, which analyzes on-chain data, the largest wallet holder since Bitcoin’s early years is still its creator, Satoshi Nakamoto. There is a total of approximately 1,096 million BTC in the wallets linked to Nakamoto, and the current value of this amount is measured at approximately 82 billion dollars.
Institutional and Public Large Bitcoin Holders
Among the largest institutional holders in the cryptocurrency market were leading exchanges and financial institutions. Coinbase was ranked as the platform holding the largest collective balance after Nakamoto, with approximately 976,000 BTC. A significant portion of the assets under Coinbase’s control are stored on behalf of users and are represented as funds that do not belong to the company’s coffers. Binance, on the other hand, has a total of 631,000 BTC in its labeled wallets.
After spot Bitcoin ETFs began trading in the United States in early 2024, ETF issuers became among the largest holders of Bitcoin on-chain. BlackRock leads Arkham’s ETF category with 799,000 BTC. The BTC amounts in these funds reflect the volume of institutional demand for spot ETF products.
Major financial institutions such as Fidelity, Grayscale, Bitwise, ARK Invest and Morgan Stanley were also listed as ETF issuers with large holdings of Bitcoin. Grayscale’s assets are spread over more than a thousand addresses, each containing no more than 1,000 BTC. These portfolios represent the largest public holdings that can be transparently monitored by institutional investors.
Bitcoin Assets of Public Institutions and States
The company with the largest wallet in the public domain was a US-based strategy company with approximately 781,000 BTC. However, not all of the company’s assets are located directly in its wallets; A significant portion of it is held through Fidelity’s custodial service. The total Bitcoin portfolio value is approximately 59 billion dollars.
On the states side, the United States government was ranked as by far the largest holder of Bitcoin, with approximately 328,000 BTC. In particular, most of the assets held by the USA were obtained from seizures made as a result of cyber attacks and illegal transactions in recent years. Bitfinex hack and Silk Road operations constitute a significant part of this source. The amount of Bitcoin held by the US government corresponds to 1.6 percent of the total supply.
The UK government came in third place, attracting attention with 61,000 BTC seized in operations carried out by the Metropolitan Police. El Salvador, 7,600 BTC per day, through regular purchases directly on behalf of the country’s treasury; Bhutan, on the other hand, reached a total of 3,500 BTC from mining investments.
Unknown Bitcoin Whales and Large Wallets
The largest individual wallet on the list is Binance’s cold wallet, which contains 249,000 BTC. Another Binance cold wallet contains 145,000 BTC. Additionally, Robinhood stands out with 141,000 BTC in its cold wallet and Bitfinex with 130,000 BTC. Another wallet of the US government linked to the Bitfinex incident holds 95,000 BTC.
While there is approximately 97,000 BTC in the Bitcoin reserve wallet of stablecoin provider Tether, significant balances continue to remain in anonymous addresses whose ownership cannot be determined with certainty. One of them contains 92,000 BTC, the others contain 78,000, 54,000, 52,000 and 44,000 BTC respectively. This shows that much of Bitcoin is still controlled by behind-the-scenes owners.
Arkham data highlights that wallets linked to Satoshi Nakamoto represent the largest publicly-addressed accumulation, with 1,096 million BTC, corresponding to approximately 5.5 percent of Bitcoin’s total supply. The lack of regular movement in these wallets over the years continues to arouse curiosity in the crypto world.
